What is depression?

Female Foeticide

INTRODUCTION

One of the greatest dangers to our contemporary human progress is the threat of skewed sex proportion. The expanding irregularity amongst males and females is prompting numerous violations, for example, illicit trafficking of ladies, rapes, polygamy and dehumanization of society. These crimes have been on an increase making this world dangerous for women. Female foeticide is a standout amongst the most violent crimes on this planet; maybe what is wretched is that the general population which carries out this heinous crime is amongst the affluent ones.
We all know why it is taking place at such a rampant pace. But we should also know the laws which are specifically made to prevent this heinous crime. In this article, we will be discussing the laws which have been made by the government from time to time to stop female foeticide.

FEMALE FOETICIDE: DENIAL OF RIGHT TO BE BORN OF A FEMALE CHILD

Female feticide–the selective abortion of female fetuses–is killing upwards of one million females in India annually with far-ranging and tragic consequences. Foeticide is an act that causes death of the fetus. In a legal context it is referred as ‘Fatal Homicide’ or ‘Child destruction’. India is the only country of world where the ratio of woman to man has been dwindling over the years. Sex selective abortion is responsible for the death of almost 7,000 unborn baby girls in India every day. The Maharashtra Government estimated 45,000 abortions were carried out in Greater Bombay region only in the year of 1985. At least 16 districts across the country have a sex ratio of less than 800 women for every 1000 men. The reason is patriarchal society where sons are considered to offer security to their families in old age and can perform the rites for the souls of deceased parents and ancestors, daughters are perceived as a social and economic burden.
Women’s are not only facing inequality, they are even denied right to be born whereas Constitution of India provides right to life, equality, no discrimination on the basis of sex and positive discriminatory provisions for women. And Indian Penal Code (sec 312 -318) deals with the offences against unborn child. And female foeticide is an offence against unborn child. The Pre-natal Diagnostic Techniques (Regulation and Prevention of Misuse) Act, 1994 (PNDT ACT) specifically prohibits advertisement relating to pre-natal sex and provides punishment and penalties for violation of provisions of this Act. The Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act, 1971 provides provisions relating to termination of pregnancy. Pregnancy may be terminated by registered medical practitioner only if he in good faith believes continuation of pregnancy would involve risk to the life of the woman and there is a substantial risk that child will born with some physical or mental abnormalities. Sex determination test is one of the most important reasons of Female foeticide in India. The pre-conception and pre-natal Diagnostic Techniques (Prohibition to sex selection) Act (PCPNDT ACT) 2003 was enacted with the purpose of preventing the misuse of ultrasound technologies that enabled determination of sex of a child before it is born. While abortion is legal in India, it is a crime to abort a pregnancy solely because the foetus is female.

ORIGIN

During the 1970s it was widely accepted that the root to many major social and economic issues India was facing at the time, was due to its growing population. However, the preference for a male child was predominant in the Indian families and the common practice then was of producing multiple children until a male child was born in the family. This practice was seen as a major threat and the cause for the rapidly increasing population. Aborting female foetuses was viewed as a viable solution to this problem by the government hospitals. The equipment and procedures at the time being complicated and not risk-free, there were not many cases of female foeticide. However, by the late-1980s and the early 1990s, ultrasound techniques gained popularity throughout India and the practice of female foeticide soon spread to hospitals all over India. However soon, this practice was opposed by some activists, and Indian government passed the Preconception and Prenatal Diagnostic Techniques (PCPNDT) Act, 1994 making sex-selective abortion illegal. However, merely making it illegal did not stop it.

Causes of Female Foeticide:

Female foeticide has been in practice for periods especially for the families who have a preference only male child. Several religious, social, financial and emotional are the reason for female foeticide. Therefore the time has been changed now much however, many reasons and beliefs are ongoing in some families. Some main reasons for female foeticide are:
• Generally, parents don’t want a girl baby because they have to give a big amount as a dowry at daughter’s marriage.
• There is a faith that girls are always consumer and boys are the only producer. Thus Parents understand that son will earn money for the whole life and care their parents however girls will get married a day and will have a separate family.
• There is a belief that the son will carry the name of the family in future however the girl has to carry the husband’s family.
• This is a prestige issue in society for parent and grandparent to have a boy baby in the family besides having a daughter.
• There is a stress on the new bride of the family to give birth to a male child so she is enforced to go for sex recognition and abort if girl baby.
• Illiteracy, insecurity, and poverty of people in society are also major reasons for girl baby burden.
• Science and Technological advancement and utilities have made this very easy task for parents.

Effective Measures to Control:

As we all know that female foeticide is a crime and social evil for the future of women. Hence we should notice the causes for female foeticide in Indian society. Female infanticide or female feticide is primarily because of sex determination. Some measures are:
• Law must be implemented and one should be surely punished if found guilty for this unkind exercise.
• Permanent cancellation of license should be done if it is going on in medical practice.
• Marketing of medical tools specifically for illegal sex determination and abortion should be a bane.
• Parents must be fined who want to kill their girl baby.
• Campaigns and seminars should be regularly held to aware of young couples.
• Women should be aware so that they can be more attentive to their rights.

CONCLUSION

Forthcoming is the name of your girl child, past is the name of your mother. This is the reality that NO PRESENT, NO PAST, NO FUTURE WITHOUT GIRL CHILD. Female foeticide is suicide. So, save the girl child and secure the future. There will be the dangerous results of the female feticide. Demography reports warn India that in the next twenty years there will be a scarcity of brides in the marriage market mostly because of the adverse sex ratio.

Cyber Bullying: Prevention

Preventing cyberbullying is a matter of awareness and response: knowing what children are doing and how they are vulnerable, then helping them learn to respond when their well-being is threatened by bullies, trolls, and other dangerous users online. If a child is expressing anger or anxiety after going online, it might be one of the signs he/she is being cyberbullied.

Cyberbullying is becoming a burning issue both for parents and teachers. While statistics vary from study to study, it’s generally true that children are spending more time than ever ‘online.’ In fact, some students may spend more time online than offline, which means they might be more likely to be bullied through words on a screen than in a school hallway or bathroom.

The effect of cyberbullying are similar to traditional bullying but traditional bullying stops when the school ends; for online bullying, there is almost no escape. Unfortunately, many kids torment and harass each other using internet apps and social media channels.

Surprising Cyberbullying Statistics:

5% of children admit they have experienced bullying online.
More than 40% say they have become a bully’s exclusive target.
70% admit they have witnessed cyberbullying.
50% of children admit to being scared of their online bullies.
92% of cyberbullying attacks are held through chatting and commenting on social media websites.
Cyberbullying victims are 3 to 9 times more likely to consider committing suicide.
Only 2 in 10 victims will inform their parents or teachers of online attacks.

Ways To Prevent Cyberbullying:

◽Establish a climate of communication with your child

◽Define it

◽Give them strategies to respond

◽Use celebrity card

◽Monitor online activity

◽Know the apps and platforms

◽Engage parents and youth

◽Emphasize positivity

◽Remember the big idea

‘Casual And Careless’ Behaviour Of People Resulted In Rise In COVID-19 Cases: say top Health Experts

India should blame religious and political events apart from careless public and health authorities for the rise in Covid-19 cases, top health experts say.HIMANI CHANDNA

Representational image. | Traffic police in Ranchi fining people without masks amid a surge in Covid cases. |

New Delhi: Public’s careless behaviour is causing the surge in India’s Covid-19 cases, not some mutation in the virus, the country’s top public health experts believe.

According to the experts, regardless of any mutation, Covid cases will surge only when the public will lower its guard. They say relaxed enforcement measures by the authorities and misleading notions about Covid being in an ‘endemic’ stage are adding to the surge.

According to official figures Tuesday, India recorded 40,715 Covid cases in 24 hours, with the active caseload at 3.45 lakh — an increase for the 13th day in a row.

Dr Samiran Panda, a top scientist from the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), said Covid spreads in the community “only when it is invited”.

“Old virus or new virus, they all spread through the same route — that is our own carelessness. As soon as we stop following the appropriate behaviour, Covid will come back,” he said, adding that some experts are “misreading” the epidemic.

“General public is being misguided by saying that Covid is now in endemic stage or we are nearing herd immunity. All such analysis gives a false hope that it’s all over now,” Panda said.

Shekhar Mande, Director General at the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), India’s apex scientific research organisation, echoed similar observations. “The surge in cases can be attributed to the relaxed, complacent behaviour in the public along with the possibility of the role of mutants,” he said.

However, he added, “There is no firm evidence yet to establish that mutants are the reason behind the surge of Covid cases in India. What is established is relaxed behaviour among the general public.”

Dr Gagandeep Kang, vaccine expert and professor at the Christian Medical College, Vellore, also agreed. “We have a fair amount of control in our own hands to reduce the spread of Covid and protect ourselves from the infection,” she said.

Blame political, social and religious gatherings for the surge

Health experts blamed the increasing mass gatherings due to religious, social and political events, including the election campaigns and Kumbh Mela.

K. Srinath Reddy, president of the Public Health Foundation of India (PHFI), said, “Laxity at the individual level and enforcement by authorities in monitoring the Covid appropriate behaviour among the public are the two top reasons behind the surge. Mass gatherings become super spreader events which need to be controlled.”

Panda also said India should not blame mutants for the surge but the various congregations. “Don’t blame the mutants for the surge. Blame the religious events, election campaigns, marriage parties and other congregations where asymptomatic, symptomatic people spread the infection.”

No time for vaccine hesitancy

With Covid cases surging, experts suggest there is no time for “vaccine hesitancy” and called on people to take vaccines as and when their turn comes.

“I will suggest the public follow Covid appropriate behaviour and get the vaccine shot. There is no time for showing hesitancy against vaccines,” Panda said.

According to Kang, India must recognise that the vaccines may not protect the public from getting the infection but they will protect them against severe Covid disease. “The people who had prior exposure to the Covid infections may also get the milder disease with the new variants. People should take the shot and follow the appropriate behaviour,” she said.

Virus infecting more now

Reddy said the virus is probably changing its behaviour and is capable of infecting more but killing fewer people.

“Its virulence has gone down while infectivity has gone up. We need to protect the ones who are vulnerable and susceptible to catching the infection,” he said.

He added that there are other reasons due to which the case-fatality rate remains under control, including “more infections among young people, substantial improvement in the Covid management methods and change in the behaviour of virus which infects more but kills lesser people”.

Kang, a noted scientist who is credited for her work in the development of the rotavirus vaccine, added, “The SARS-CoV2 virus is heading into a direction where it will keep on mutating. This process cannot be stopped. The only thing in our hand is to follow simple procedures like good hand hygiene, maintaining social distance apart from testing and tracing.”

Symptoms of depression

Signs and symptoms of depression
Depression varies from person to person, but there are some common signs and symptoms. It’s important to remember that these symptoms can be part of life’s normal lows. But the more symptoms you have, the stronger they are, and the longer they’ve lasted—the more likely it is that you’re dealing with depression.

10 common symptoms of depression
Feelings of helplessness and hopelessness. A bleak outlook—nothing will ever get better and there’s nothing you can do to improve your situation.
Loss of interest in daily activities. You don’t care anymore about former hobbies, pastimes, social activities, or sex. You’ve lost your ability to feel joy and pleasure.
Appetite or weight changes. Significant weight loss or weight gain—a change of more than 5% of body weight in a month.
Sleep changes. Either insomnia, especially waking in the early hours of the morning, or oversleeping.
Anger or irritability. Feeling agitated, restless, or even violent. Your tolerance level is low, your temper short, and everything and everyone gets on your nerves.
Loss of energy. Feeling fatigued, sluggish, and physically drained. Your whole body may feel heavy, and even small tasks are exhausting or take longer to complete.
Self-loathing. Strong feelings of worthlessness or guilt. You harshly criticize yourself for perceived faults and mistakes.
Reckless behavior. You engage in escapist behavior such as substance abuse, compulsive gambling, reckless driving, or dangerous sports.
Concentration problems. Trouble focusing, making decisions, or remembering things.
Unexplained aches and pains. An increase in physical complaints such as headaches, back pain, aching muscles, and stomach pain
The link between depression symptoms and anxiety
Depression and anxiety are believed to stem from the same biological vulnerability, which may explain why they so often go hand-in-hand. Since anxiety makes depression worse (and vice versa), it’s important to seek treatment for both conditions.

Talking about killing or harming one’s self
Expressing strong feelings of hopelessness or being trapped
An unusual preoccupation with death or dying
Acting recklessly, as if they have a death wish (e.g. speeding through red lights)
Calling or visiting people to say goodbye
Getting affairs in order (giving away prized possessions, tying up loose ends)
Saying things like “Everyone would be better off without me” or “I want out”
A sudden switch from being extremely depressed to acting calm and happy
If you think a friend or family member is considering suicide, express your concern and seek help immediately. Talking openly about suicidal thoughts and feelings can save a life.

Who is at risk of Depression?

One depression fact that holds true across racial and economic differences is that depression is twice as common in women as it is in men. “A big part of that is due to female hormones, but you also have to take into account that men are less likely to report depression and women are more likely to admit to depression,” said Dr. Walch.

Here are more facts on risk factors for this mood disorder:

Age. Major depression is most likely to affect people between the ages of 45 and 65. “People in middle age are at the top of the bell curve for depression, but the people at each end of the curve, the very young and very old, may be at higher risk for severe depression,”

Race. Black and Hispanic Americans are more likely to meet criteria for MDD, according to the CDC. That statistic can be confusing because black Americans are actually 40 percent less likely to experience depression during their lifetime, according to NIMH.

Economics and education. CDC statistics show that people with less education, less economic stability, and less insurance coverage are more likely to meet the criteria for MDD. “It seems to make sense that people under more economic stress would be more depressed, but depression has nothing to do with your IQ or your job. It’s a disease. Factors like education and economics may trigger depression symptoms or make it harder for you to find treatment, but they do not cause the disease,” stressed Walch.

Family history. Many studies have shown that depression can be passed down through families. If you have an identical twin with major depressive disorder, your chance of having MDD is about 50 percent. If you have a parent with depression, your chance of having depression is about 25 percent. But just like all of the other statistics, they don’t tell the whole story. Adoption studies show that a child adopted by a parent with depression also has a higher risk.

Fact: Depression Treatment Works

Here are some numbers on depression treatment that really matter:

Up to 80 percent of people with depression respond to treatment within four to six weeks.
Up to 50 percent of people who do not respond to treatment fail because they stopped getting treatment.
Despite the success of depression treatment, about two out of three people with depression still don’t seek help.

“Depression treatment really can work wonders,” said Walch. Unlike some other mental health disorders, treatment for depression can get you back to where you were before depression. The statistics are interesting, but the bottom line is that depression is a treatable disease. “You can’t will it away any more than a diabetic can will away high blood sugar,” said Walch.

Causes of Depression

Depression is just a word , what goes inside a person’s mind is entirely his own creation’

The above phrase will rightly sum up what depression is and how it’s been viewed.

Mind is very complex part of us , it makes us feel sadness , agony and happiness. It will be difficult to tell what exactly goes inside a person mind.

Superficially the main cause of depression is expectations vs reality , in other words perceived reality ( Imagination/ dreams/ hopes/wishes) vs reality.

Our brain has been programmed from 1000s of years that hope has become a part of our mechanism , when these hopes dash over a period of time then comes the hard part, some take it seriously , some ignorantly and others live consciously.

Human Brain Mechanism is the main cause and society , world and culture has formed this inside us knowingly or unknowingly. Society , Families and world at large has promoted the future and fulfilment via earth resources, exploitation , Hope of Luxury and virgins in afterlife and so on.

This hope is building up from generations where in every generations thinks that their successor will achieve what they couldn’t. Rich , Famous and Rulers In order to maintain their status did things which were detrimental to humanity Like Giving people Hope while the downtrodden always felt that status is the fulfilment or salvation.

Now after thousands of years ,50% of generations who survived today somehow is getting enough food , shelter,luxury products and Services ,So found out they have achieved what was desired for centuries.Now the objective is over or desires are fulfilled but then brain thinks that my death is near because whatever was their to achieve I have done that already.This gives rise to depression or over thinking as to what is right in life or what is not , if I have Rolls Royce , BMW , SUV’s , big mansions , 7 star meals and a comfortable life then what better could be done and the humans are still unsatisfied.What else can be done to better.

Achievement is one of the contributing factors for depression , once you achieve your goals then there is always a happiness but what comes after is a thinking about how to stay in race , how to be better , how to please people, earn their respect and how to be perfect. Over a period of time humans realized that it’s non sensical to be perfect.

‘This Mental Anguish or to be or not be is the reason behind depression’.

There are a lot of reasons to get depressed.

There are some common cause of depression and loneliness. Cause of depression varies from person to person, and depending on age and sex.

Let me tell you some common cause of depression

Broken relationship
death of your close person
Moving to a new country, without friends and family. and stay alone.
Changing of your job and workplace, and realize that you are separated from Co-worker.
Going to new university or college, and having mo friends
Retire from your job, and feeling disconnected from your community.

Apart from these six reasons, there are some subtle problems, people used to ignore in major case. But these problems are the root cause of depression and anxiety.

7. Single Child problem, if their parents are working, and unable to give sufficient time . and their child feels in-secured and lonely.

8. Divorce and domestic violence, negatively influence our mind. feeling of bereavement sucks our peace of mind,

9 Aging and retirement. At elderly age most of the person feel lonely, and depression comes into their life.

10. Physical disability.

It’s the right time to discover your potentials.

And in true sense after passing from this phase of life, you are stronger like never before. Your focus, concentration, dedication for work, your knowledge & your maturity will increase 10 times.

What is depression?

Depression is a common illness worldwide, with more than 264 million people affected(1). Depression is different from usual mood fluctuations and short-lived emotional responses to challenges in everyday life. Especially when long-lasting and with moderate or severe intensity, depression may become a serious health condition. It can cause the affected person to suffer greatly and function poorly at work, at school and in the family. At its worst, depression can lead to suicide. Close to 800 000 people die due to suicide every year. Suicide is the second leading cause of death in 15-29-year-old. Although there are known, effective treatments for mental disorders, between 76% and 85% of people in low- and middle-income countries receive no treatment for their disorder(2). Barriers to effective care include a lack of resources, lack of trained health-care providers and social stigma associated with mental disorders. Another barrier to effective care is inaccurate assessment. In countries of all income levels, people who are depressed are often not correctly diagnosed, and others who do not have the disorder are too often misdiagnosed and prescribed antidepressants. The burden of depression and other mental health conditions is on the rise globally. A World Health Assembly resolution passed in May 2013 has called for a comprehensive, coordinated response to mental disorders at the country level.

ON A SERIOUS NOTE:

Depression is not fun, it’s not a game, and it’s not a quirk to add to your personality because you think it’s cool. Depression is serious and ugly and affects so many people. Depression doesn’t just disappear, you don’t suddenly wake up and decide not to feel hopeless.

It’s okay to cry. It’s okay to be weak. You’re not bulletproof, you’re human. You’re capable of getting hurt. Feel the emptiness. Figure it out. Savoir each tear. Grieve. Cry your heart out and ruin your mascara. Stop pretending. Unmask yourself. Breakdown if you are tired. Break.

Get lost in the solitude you’ve been battling inside. You are hurt. ADMIT IT. Stop pretending that you’re okay for the first time. And let the curve in your face be sadness rather than smiles. Let it all out. Swear if you want. It’s fine. Be miserable. With time, you will be healed.

And after, go on with your life. Leave the pain to those tears you have shed. Let the memories remain but not the mourning. Smile. Smile the real smile, without pretension and heartaches. Be okay. Be fixable. Be happy. Live. Begin again.

“There is hope, even when your brain tells you there isn’t.” – John green.

What is depression?

According to WHO,

ON A SERIOUS NOTE:

“There is hope, even when your brain tells you there isn’t.” – John green.